After the common cold, the second most common health condition that accounts for visits to doctors' offices are urinary tract infections (UTIs). In fact, 9 million office visits each year involve urinary tract infections.
The common symptoms and signs of UTI include: burning sensation when you urinate; feeling the need to urinate more often than usual; feeling the urge to urinate, but not being able to do so; and cloudy, dark, smelly or bloody urine. In elderly patients, none of these symptoms may be present. However, if an elderly patient has a fever and/or personality changes with no other symptoms of infection or known cognition problems, a UTI should be investigated (via urine sample).
Women tend to get UTIs more often than men because bacteria can reach the bladder more easily. The urethra is shorter in women than in men; thus, bacteria have a shorter distance to travel. The urethra is also located near the rectum in women. Bacteria from the rectum can easily travel up the urethra and cause infections. For women, sexual intercourse also might cause infections because bacteria can be pushed into the urethra.
There are some basic steps women can take that can help to prevent recurring UTIs. These include the following:
Drink more water. Water helps flush the urinary tract and move bacteria out of the body in the urine.
Don't "hold it" when you need to urinate. By holding it when you need to go, you enable bacteria that may be present to develop into a full-fledged UTI.
Wipe from front to back after a bowel movement. This is especially important to help prevent bacteria from migrating from the anus to the vagina or urethra.
Take showers instead of baths. This helps to prevent bacteria from entering the urethra and causing a UTI.
Always wash your genital area before and after sexual intercourse. This helps prevent transferring bacteria to the urethra or vaginal area.
Wear panties with a cotton crotch. Cotton fabric lets moisture escape, while other fabrics can trap moisture, creating a potential breeding ground for bacteria. Bacteria love moisture.
Avoid feminine hygiene sprays and douches. This is especially true for scented douches, which can irritate the urethra and may increase risk of a UTI.
Take your vitamin C. Taking 500 mg of vitamin C, twice per day (as found in a high-potency multiple vitamin/mineral) can increase the acidity of your urine. It is more difficult for bacteria to grow in an acidic environment.
Take a supplement once or twice per day containing preventive doses of cranberry extract and D-mannose.
Cranberry Extract
Studies demonstrate that cranberry extract contains active constituents that decrease the ability of bacteria to adhere to the walls of the urinary tract. In addition, cranberry extract also helps to acidify the urine, which decreases the ability of bacteria to replicate. The cranberry extract should provide at least 150 mg per capsule and be standardized to contain 30 percent total acids, of which 10 percent are quinic acid and 3 percent are polyphenols. A number of placebo-controlled studies have shown that cranberry extract reduces recurrence of UTIs, even in elderly women.
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